Pages

Showing posts with label Garments Manufacturing. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Garments Manufacturing. Show all posts

Thursday, 4 August 2011

What is Garments Ribbon | Types of Ribbon | Manufacturing Process of Ribbon | History of Ribbon

Ribbon:
A Ribbon is a long, narrow strip of material used for decoration of clothing or the hair or gift wrapping; An inked strip of material against which type is pressed to print letters in a typewriter or printer; A toolbar that incorporates tabs and menus; to decorate with ribbon.We can also say a Ribbon is a thin band of flexible material, typically cloth but also plastic or sometimes metal, used primarily for binding and tying. Cloth ribbons, which most commonly includes silk, are often used in connection with dress, but also applied for innumerable useful, ornamental and symbolic purposes; cultures around the world use this device in their hair, around the body, or even as ornamentation on animals, buildings, and other areas. Ribbon is also sometimes used as a package sealer, on par with twine.
Garments Ribbon
Types of Ribbon
  1. Grosgrain Ribbon
  2. Satin Ribbon
  3. Velvet Ribbon
  4. Offray Ribbon
  5. lace Ribbon
  6. Turquoise Ribbon
Manufacturing Process of Ribbon
The manufacture of cloth ribbons forms a special department of the textile industries. The essential feature of a ribbon loom is the simultaneous weaving in one loom frame of two or more webs, going up to as many as forty narrow fabrics in modern looms. To effect the conjoined throwing of all the shuttles and the various other movements of the loom, the automatic action of the power-loom is necessary and it is a remarkable fact that the self-acting ribbon loom was known and extensively used more than a century before the famous invention of Cartwright.

History of Ribbon
Ribbon-weaving is known to have been established near St. Etienne (dep. Loire) as early as the 11th century, and that town has remained the headquarters of the industry. During the Huguenot troubles, ribbon-weavers from St. Etienne settled at Basel and there established an industry which in modern times has rivalled that of the original seat of the trade. Crefeld is the centre of the German ribbon industry, the manufacture of black velvet ribbon being there a specialty. In England Coventry is the most important seat of ribbon-making, which is also prosecuted at Norwich and Leicester.

Ribbons are enjoyed by many people as a common decoration. In some cultures birthday gifts are adorned with these colorful strings.

While satin and other sorts of ribbon have always been used in lingerie, the usage of ribbon in the garment industry, while subject to fashion trends, saw an upsurge in the mid to late 90’s. This upsurge led to increased ribbon manufacturing as well as new and improved manufacturing techniques. Due to more competitive production rates, as well as past experience in this field, companies in the Far Eypesast - especially those in China - gradually secured themselves to be the major ribbon suppliers in the world and improved both the quality and the variety of their merchandise to match those of their established European and North American competitors.

Presently, the North American continent remains the largest importer of ribbon and ribbon derivative products (such as bows, rosettes, and other garment accessories made from ribbon). However, due to outsourcing of production of garments by North American garment manufacturers, countries in Asia and South America have started to contribute to the change of the statistical figures of ribbon imports.

Inspired by European silk ribbons obtained through trade, Great Lakes and Prairie Native American tribes created art form of appliqué ribbon work.

Tuesday, 2 August 2011

Process Flow Chart for Quality Control System in Apparel Industry | Flow Chart of Quality Control System in Garments Industry

Quality is unusually slippery and difficult to come to grip with. Therefore some might say “Quality is something I know when I see it. To some Quality is difficult to be explained like love or happiness. Once the concept of Quality is understood fundamentally it stops being slippery and becomes something which can hold by its tail.

According to dictionary Quality is: - an essential character: nature, an ingredient or distinguishing attribute: property, a character trait, superiority of kind, degree of grade or excellence. Different people have different views about quality.

Flow Chart for Specification & Quality Parameters

  • The best money can buy
  • Meeting a specification or conformance to specifications.
  • Craftsmanship
  • The degree of excellence that an item possesses.
  • Product with no defect found
  • Absence of variation in its broad sense.
  • Meeting or exceeding customer expectation.

These responses depend on people’s perception of the value of a product or service under consideration
and their explanation of performance, durability, reliability etc. of that product or service.

According to dictionary Quality is: - an essential character: nature, an ingredient or distinguishing
attribute: property, a character trait, superiority of kind, degree of grade or excellence.
Different people have different views about quality.
· The best money can buy
· Meeting a specification or conformance to specifications.
· Craftsmanship
· The degree of excellence that an item possesses.
· Product with no defect found
· Absence of variation in its broad sense.
· Meeting or exceeding customer expectation.
These responses depend on people’s perception of the value of a product or service under consideration
and their explanation of performance, durability, reliability etc. of that product or service.


Monday, 1 August 2011

Button | What is Button | Define Button | Button Definition | Button Meaning | History of Buttons | Button History | Types of Buttons | Button Types | Button Sizes | Size of the Button | Button Holes | What are Button Holes

Button
A button fastening device with circuit actuating capability includes: a first button part; a second button part engageable releasably with the first button part for fastening articles together; and a circuit actuating unit mounted on at least one of the first and second button parts, adapted to be electrically connected to a circuit, and operable to control circuit states of the circuit through engagement and disengagement of the first and second button parts.
Button
A small disk or knob sewn on to a garment, either to fasten it by being pushed through a slit made for the purpose, or for decoration. In clothing and fashion design, a button is a small disc, typically round, object usually attached to an article of clothing in order to secure an opening, or for ornamentation. Functional buttons work by slipping the button through a fabric or thread loop, or by sliding the button through a reinforced slit called a buttonhole.

Buttons may be manufactured from an extremely wide range of materials, including natural materials such as antler, bone, horn, ivory, shell, vegetable ivory, and wood; or synthetics such as celluloid, glass, metal, bakelite and plastic.

Hard plastic is by far the most common material for newly manufactured buttons; the other materials tend to occur only in premium apparel.

History of Buttons | Button History

Buttons and button-like objects used as ornaments rather than fasteners have been discovered in the Indus Valley Civilization as well as Bronze Age sites in China (circa 2000-1500 BCE), and Ancient Rome.

Buttons made from seashell were used in the Indus Valley Civilization for ornamental purposes by 2000 BC. Some buttons were carved into geometric shapes and had holes pierced into them so that they could attached to clothing by using a thread.

Functional buttons, made from stone, have been found at the site of Gobekli Tepe, in southeastern Turkey, dated at 10,500 B.C. Functional buttons with buttonholes for fastening or closing clothing appeared first in Germany in the 13th century. They soon became widespread with the rise of snug-fitting garments in 13th- and 14th-century Europe.

Types of Buttons | Button Types

Shank Buttons
Shank Buttons have a small ring or a bar with a hole called the shank protruding from the back of the button, through which thread is sewn to attach the button.

Covered Buttons
Covered Buttons are fabric-covered forms with a separate back piece that secures the fabric over the knob.

Flat or Sew-through Buttons
Flat or sew-through buttons have two or four holes punched through the button through which the thread is sewn to attach the button. Flat buttons may be attached by sewing machine rather than by hand, and may be used with heavy fabrics by working a thread shank to extend the height of the button above the fabric.

Worked or Cloth
ButtonsWorked or Cloth Buttons are created by embroidering or crocheting tight stitches (usually with linen thread) over a knob or ring called a form.

Mandarin Buttons

Mandarin buttons or Frogs are knobs made of intricately knotted strings. Mandarin buttons are a key element in Mandarin dress, where they are closed with loops. Pairs of mandarin buttons worn as cuff links are called silk knots.

Button Sizes | Size of the Button
The size of the button depends on its use. Shirt buttons are generally small, and spaced close together, whereas coat buttons are larger and spaced further apart. Buttons are commonly measured in lignes (also called lines and abbreviated L), with 40 lignes equal to 1 inch. For example, some standard sizes of buttons are 16 lignes (10.16 mm, standard button of men’s shirts) and 32 lignes (20.32 mm, typical button on suit jackets).

Button Holes | What are Button Holes
Functional buttons (as opposed to decorative buttons) are normally paired with a buttonhole. Alternately, a decorative loop of cloth or rope may replace the buttonhole. Buttonholes may be either made by hand sewing or automated by a sewing machine.

Buttonholes often have a bar at either end. The bar is a perpendicular stitch that reinforces the ends of a buttonhole.

Thursday, 28 July 2011

Garments Trimmings | Garments Accessories | Marker | Interlining | Garment Pattern | Fabric Spreading | Lining

Garments Trimmings:
Those accessories which are used in sewing section are called trimmings.
Garments Trimmings
Garments Accessories:
Fabric is the basic material in garment manufacturing. Except fabric, the other materials are known as accessories. For shirt making there are some accessories are commonly used.

List of Garment Accessories:
  1. Thread
  2. Zipper
  3. Interlining
  4. Button for example: Snap button, Plastic button, .Metal button.
  5. Label: Main label , Size Label, Wash care label
  6. Motif: Leather, Plastic, batchMetal
  7. Pocketing fabric
  8. Lining
  9. Velcro
  10. Elastic
  11. Cord
  12. Ribbon
  13. Toggles
  14. Rivet
  15. Collar bone.
Finishing Accessories:
There are some finishing accessories:
  1. Hang tag
  2. Price tag
  3. Plastic/ poly bag
  4. Tissue paper
  5. Carton
  6. Scotch tape
  7. PP belt
  8. Tag pin
  9. Plastic clip
  10. Stiker
  11. Butterfly
  12. Collar insert
  13. Back board
  14. Necks insert
Button:
In clothing and fashion design, a button is a small disc, typically round, object usually attached to an article of clothing in order to secure an opening, or for ornamentation. Functional buttons work by slipping the button through a fabric or thread loop, or by sliding the button through a reinforced slit called a buttonhole.

Buttons may be manufactured from an extremely wide range of materials, including natural materials such as antler, bone, horn, ivory, shell, vegetable ivory, and wood; or synthetics such as celluloid, glass, metal, bakelite and plastic.

Hard plastic is by far the most common material for newly manufactured buttons; the other materials tend to occur only in premium apparel.

Zipper:
A zipper or zip fastener) is a popular device for temporarily joining two edges of fabric. It is used in clothing (e.g. jackets and jeans), luggage and other bags, sporting goods, camping gear (e.g., tents and sleeping bags), and other daily use items.

Interlining:
Interlining is a layer of flannel fabric sewn in between the face fabric and the standard lining. Interlining provides insulation and also adds a luxurious weight and softness, improves the drape of the fabric, and protects fragile fabrics. It is a popular choice with silk draperies.Depending on the application, interlining materials can be woven, knitted, or created by fusing fibers together. Silk, wool, and artificial fibers with good insulating qualities are common choices for interlining.

Garment Pattern:
The individual par of a garment which is shaped by hard paper is called pattern.

Working Pattern:
The patterns set which is used for sample making are called Working Pattern.

Marker:
Marker is a large thin paper which contains shape of required pattern pieces or a particular style of garments.

Fabric Spreading:

Spreading means smooth lying out of fabrics as per marker length and width.

Fabric Cutting:
Cutting is the process by which we can cut fabrics as per marker dimension with the help of knife.

Bespoke Garments:
Bespoke Garments are made on the basis of individual clients and according to the individual’s size and requirement.

Ready to Wear Garments:
Ready to wear garments is made on the basis of target common groups, according to size charts, derived from statistical analysis.

Lining:
Lining is one kind of trimmings which is used underside of garments and use in next to skin.

Thursday, 21 July 2011

Quality Control | Apparel Quality Management | Apparel Quality Management for Apparel Exporters | Garment Quality Control | Garment Quality Index | Apparel Quality Control | Textile Quality Control

Quality Control:
Quality control is a process by which entities review the quality of all factors involved in production. This approach places an emphasis on three aspects. Quality control emphasizes testing of products to uncover defects, and reporting to management who make the decision to allow or deny the release, whereas quality assurance attempts to improve and stabilize production, and associated processes, to avoid, or at least minimize, issues that led to the defects in the first place.
  1. Elements such as controls, job management, defined and well managed processes, performance and integrity criteria, and identification of records
  2. Competence, such as knowledge, skills, experience, and qualifications
  3. Soft elements, such as personnel integrity, confidence, organizational culture, motivation, team spirit, and quality relationships.
    Quality Check
The quality of the outputs is at risk if any of these three aspects is deficient in any way.

Apparel Quality Management:
There are a number of factors on which quality fitness of Apparel industry is based such as - performance, reliability, durability, visual and perceived quality of the garment. Quality needs to be defined in terms of a particular frame¬work of cost. The national regulatory quality certification and international quality programmes like ISO 9000 series lay down the broad quality parameters based on which companies maintain the export quality in the garment and apparel industry. Here some of main fabric properties that are taken into consideration for garment manufacturing for export basis:
  • Overall look of the garment.
  • Right formation of the garment.
  • Feel and fall of the garment.
  • Physical properties.
  • Colour fastness of the garment.
  • Finishing properties of apparels
  • Presentation of the final produced garment.
Apparel Quality Management for Apparel Exporters:
For a garment exporter or apparel exporter there are many strategies and rules that are required to be followed to achieve good business. The fabric quality, product quality, delivery, price, packaging and presentation are some of the many aspects that need to be taken care of in garment export business. Some rules that are advisable for garment exporters are listed below:
  1. Quality has to be taken care by the exporter, excuses are not entertained in international market for negligence for low quality garments, new or existing exporters for both it is mandatory to use design, technology and quality as major upgradation tools.
  2. Apart from superior quality of the garment, its pricing, packaging, delivery, etc has to be also taken care of.
  3. The garment shown in the catalogue should match with the final garment delivered.
  4. It is important to perform according to the promises given to the buyer, or else it creates very bad impression and results in loss of business and reputation.
  5. In international market, quality reassurance is required at every point.
  6. Proper documentation and high standard labels on the garment are also important aspects as these things also create good impression.
  7. Timely delivery of garments is as important as its quality.
  8. If your competitor has the better quality of garment in same pricing, it is better to also enhance your garment quality.
  9. Before entering into international market, garment exporters have to carefully frame out the quality standards, or else if anything goes wrong it could harm the organization. And after that strictly follow it.
  10. The garment quality should match the samples shown during taking the orders.
  11. The garment exporters should know to negotiate a premium price after quality assurance is done.
  12. Quality is a multi-dimensional aspect. There are many aspects of quality based on which the garment exporters are supposed to work.
  13. Quality of the production.
  14. Quality of the design of the garment.
  15. Purchasing functions’ quality should also be maintained.
  16. Quality of final inspection should be superior.
  17. Quality of the sales has to be also maintained.
  18. Quality of marketing of the final product is also important as the quality of the garment itself.
 

Tuesday, 14 June 2011

Bra or Brassire | Types of Bra | Sizes of Bra | A Brief history of the Bra or Brassiere

A brassiere  commonly referred to as a bra  is an undergarment that covers, supports, and elevates the breasts. Since the late 19th century, it has replaced the corset as the most widely accepted method for supporting breasts. A wide variety of bras are manufactured today.

Most bras are designed to be form-fitting and to lift the breasts off the chest wall if they sag and to restrain their movement. Bra designers and manufacturers originally produced bras that were purely functional
and gradually added elements to improve the design, but they have now largely shifted from functionality to fashion. Manufacturers’ standards and sizes vary widely, making it difficult for women to find a bra that fits. Bra-measurement procedures conflict with one another. Even professional bra fitters disagree on the correct size for the same woman. Women’s breasts vary widely in size and shape; most are asymmetric to a degree and can change from month to month depending on the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, or weight gain or loss. As a result, from 75-85% of women wear the incorrect bra size.

Bra

A Brief history of the Bra or Brassiere

The concept of covering or restraining the breasts dates back to 6,500 years ago in Greece. Minoan women on the island of Crete 4,500 years ago wore brassieres that revealed their bare breasts. A binding known as an apodesmos, or mastodeton was worn by Greek women for exercise in those city-states that supported women’s sports, e.g. Sparta. It is said that brassieres were invented by men so that women’s breasts would be smaller, and thus more like a man’s.

A bra-like device to give a symmetrical rotundity to the breasts was patented (nr 24,033) in 1859 by Henry S. Lesher of Brooklyn, New York; although it is recognizably a bra, the design looks uncomfortable by current standards.

In 1889 Herminie Cadolle of France invented the first modern bra, a two-piece undergarment called le bien-être (the well-being). The lower part was a corset for the waist, the upper supporting the breasts by means of shoulder straps. By 1905 the upper half was being sold separately as a soutien-gorge (“breast-supporter”, using a euphemism for breast that usually means “throat”), the name by which bras are still known in France. Cadolle’s business is still going strong.

In America, Mary Phelps Jacob was granted the first U.S. patent for the brassiere (nr 1,115,674), in 1913. She was aided in this work by her French maid, Marie. Her invention is most widely recognized as the predecessor to the modern bra. She sold the patent to the Warner Brothers Corset Company in Bridgeport, Connecticut, for $1,500 (or over $25,600 in today’s money). Warner eventually made an estimated $15 million off Caresse’s patent.

In 1922, Ida Rosenthal, a seamstress at the small New York City dress shop, Enid Frocks, along with shop owner Enid Bissett and husband William Rosenthal, changed the look of women’s fashion. The “boyish figure” then in style downplayed women’s natural curves through the use of a bandeaux brassiere. Their innovation, designed to make their dresses look better on the wearer, consisted of modifying the bandeaux bra to enhance and support women’s breasts. Hence, the name “Maidenform”. A later innovation is the development of sized brassieres. The company they founded became the Maidenform manufacturing company.

In 1943, Howard Hughes designed a cantilevered brassiere for Jane Russell for her appearance in the movie “The Outlaws”. The “lifts and separates” design went on to influence later commercial brassieres.

In 1960s, many women publicly discarded their bras as a symbol of female liberation as a form of protest; however, “burning the bra” was not a widespread practice.

The oft-repeated story that the brassiere was invented by a man named Otto Titzling (giving the humorous name tit-sling) is false.
 

Sizes of Bra

There are several sizing systems in different countries. Most use the chest circumferences measurement system and cup sizes A-B-C+, but there are some significant differences. Most bras available usually come in 36 sizes,but bra labeling systems used around the world are at times misleading and confusing. Cup and band sizes vary around the world. For example, most women assume that a B cup on a 34 band is the same size as a B cup on a 36 band. In fact, bra cup size is relative to the band size, as the actual volume of a woman’s breast changes with the dimension of her chest. In countries that have adopted the European  dress-size standard, the torso is measured in centimeters and rounded to the nearest multiple of 5 cm.

A number of reports state the 80-85% of women are wearing the wrong bra size.A correctly fitted bra is determined by accurately calculating the chest size (or band size) and breast volume (the cup size). The band size can be adjusted slightly using the two or three alternate sets of fastening hooks and eyes in the clasp. The bra straps (over the shoulders) can usually also be adjusted slightly.
 

Types of Bra
There is a wide range of brassiere styles available, designed to match different body types, situations, and outer garments. The degree of shaping and coverage of the breasts varies between styles, as do functionality, fashion, fabric, and color. Common types include backless, balconette, convertible, cupless, custom-fit, demi cup, front-fastening, full coverage, halter, longline, minimizing, padded, plunge, posture, push-up, racerback, sports/athletic, sheer, strapless, strapless-backless, support, t-shirt, underwire, wireless, sports bra, and invisible. Many designs combine one or more these styles. Breast support is built into some garments like camisoles, single-piece swimsuits, and tank tops, eliminating the need to wear a separate bra.