Dyes : Substances that add color to textiles. They are incorporated into the fiber by chemical reaction, absorption, or dispersion. Dyes differ in their resistance to sunlight, perspiration, washing, gas, alkalies, and other agents; their affinity for different fibers; their reaction to cleaning agents and methods; and their solubility and method of application. Various classes and types are listed below.
Natural Dyes
Natural dyes are dyes or colorants derived from plants, invertebrates,a or minerals. The majority of natural dyes are vegetable dyes from plant sources from roots, berries, bark, leaves, and wood and other organic sources such as fungi and lichens.
Plant Dyes | Plant Dye
There is a whole variety of plants which can be used to make plant dyes. Different parts of plants are used to make dyes – for example, the leaves, the skins of fruit, the bark, roots or wood. Lichens are very small plants which grow on rocks. There are many colours of lichens and they are very good for making dyes.
Natural Plant Dyes
- Alkanna tinctoria
- Indigofera suffruticosa
- Anthemis tinctoria
- Bixa orellana
- Caesalpinia echinata
- Catechu
- Common Tormentil
- Cordeauxia edulis
- Cryptocarya alba
- Dyewoods
- Eucalyptus fibrosa
- Eurasian smoketree
- Gardenia jasminoides
- Genista tinctoria
- Haematoxylum campechianum
- Haemodorum coccineum
- HennaIndigo dye
- Indigofera
- Indigofera tinctoria
- Isatis tinctoria
- Juglans regia
- Lithospermum caroliniense
- Lomatia hirsuta
- Maclura tinctoria
- Mallotus discolor
- Mallotus philippensis
- Morinda citrifolia
- Morinda tinctoria
- Oldenlandia umbellata
- Pentaglottis sempervirens
- Pokeweed
- Pomegranate
- Psorothamnus emoryi
- Quercus velutina
- Reseda (plant)
- Reseda luteola
- Rubia
- Rubia cordifolia
- Safflower
- Saw-wort
- Tansy
- Trihydroxyanthraquinone
- Turmeric
- Wild Angelica
- Wrightia tinctoria
Insect Dyes | Insect Dye
Example of an insect Dye is the Kermes dye obtained from the dried bodies of the female insects ( Kermes vermilio Planchon and Kermes ilicis ) which were found in southern Europe on the small evergreen kermes oak ( Quercus coccifera )The history of the Kermes dye dates back to the ancient Egyptians and Romans. Kermes dye was produced by a process of drying the bodies of the insects and then fermentation.
- Cochineal
Animal Dyes | Animal Dye
Animal-based dyes could be created from shellfish.
Carmine
Cochineal
Hexaplex trunculus
Polish cochineal
Tekhelet
Tyrian purple
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